MAIN POINTS OF BIOLOGY +BOTANY +ZOOLOGY

MAIN POINTS OF BIOLOGY +BOTANY +ZOOLOGY

1=>ANTHONI LEEMARCK=FRENCH=1802=SUGGESTED BY=BIOLOGY

2=>ARISTOTLE IS FATHER OF BIOLOGY

3=>THEOPHARASTUS IS FATHER OF BOTANY

4=>ARISTOTILE IS FATHER OF ZOOLOGY

5=>LOUIS PASTURE IS FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY

6=>IN 1969 AMERICAN BIOLOGIST R:H WHATTIKAR NEW SCHEME CLASSIFICATION LIVING ORGANISMS  KINGDOM DIVIDE FIVE KINGDOM

7=>2.5 BILLON YEARS AGO LIFE HAD STARTED

8=>IN FRENCH PHYSICIN CHARLES LEVERANS NAMED AS PLASMODIUM /MALERIAL

9=>ANTIBIOTIC DISCOVERED BY FLEMING FLORY AND CHAIN IN 1945

10=>FIRST VACCINE DISCOVERED BY EDWARD JANNER AGAINST SMALL POX IN 1795

11=>SMALL POX CAUSE BY POX VIRUS

12=>RADIO THARAPY DIAGNOSED DISEASE AND CONTROL LIKE CANCER

13=>ATP=ADINOSINE TRI PHOSPHATE

14=>ADT=ADINOSINE DI PHOSPHATE

15=>NAD=NICOTINAMIDE DI NUCLEOTIDS

16=>NADP=NICOTINAMIDE DI NUCLEOTIDS PHOSPHATE

17=>HUMAN BRAIN CONTAINS 85% WATER

18=>RBCs=ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT RED BIOOD CORPUSLES

19=>WBCs=DEFENCE OF THE BODY          WHIT BIOOD CORPUSLES              POLICE OF BODY

20=>PLATELATES=COTTING OF BLOOD

21=>FIRST INTRODUCED BY FRENDIRCH WILIHAM KUHNE IN 1878 ENZYMES

22=>FAD=FLAVIN ADININE DINUCLEOTIDE /CONTAIN VITAMIN RIBOFLAVIN B2

23=>NAD=CANTAIN VITAMIN NIACIN

24=>PEROXIDASE ONE OF THE SMALLER ENZYMES HAS A MOLECULAR WEIGHT IS 40000

25=>A CATALASE ENZYMES ONE OF LARGEST MOLECULAR WEIGHT 25OOOO

26=>IN 1898 EMIL FISHER PURPOSED KEY & LOCK THEORY MADE ENZYMES

27=>IN 1959 KOSHLAND PURPOSED INDUCT FIT THORY

28=>1665 ROBERTHOOK DISCORED CELL

29=>IN 1831 ROBERT BROWN DISCOVERED A SPERICAL BODY IN THE CELL KNOWN AS NUCLEUS

30=>IN 1838 SCHEILDEN (BOTANIST) & IN 1839 SCHWANN (ZOOLOGIST) WORKED ON THE ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL

31=>IN 1855 RODOLF VIRCHEW WORKED ON THE CELL THEORY OF SCHEILDEN & SCHWANN

32=>SIMPLE MICROSCOPES DESIGNED BY TWO HOLLAND SCIENTIST JANSON & HANSIN IN 1590

33=>IN 1610 GALLILEO USED FIRST TIME

34=>COMPOUND MICROSCOPES IN 1665 ROBERT HOOK USED. COMPOUND MICROSCOPES WITH DOUBLE LENS / IT IMPROVED OBJECT 1000 TIME THAN SIMPLE MICROSCOPES

35=>X-RAY MICROSCOPE-

36=>ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IT DESIGNED BY KNOL & RUSAKA 1935

37=>IN 1972 SINGER & NICHOLSON PURPOSED A NEW MODEL OF CELL MEMBRANE KNOW AS FULID MOSAIC MODEL OF CELL MEMBRANE

 38=>(TEM) TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPES

39=>(SEM) SCANING ELECTRONS MICROSCOPES

40=>THE WORD CELL TAKEN FROM GREEK WORD KARYON

41=>CELL MEMBRANE IS MADE UP OF LIPO-PROTEIN LIPIDS. COMPOSITION

42=>CENTRIFUGATION MOST POWER FULL MACHINE IS CALLED ULTRA-CENTRIFUGES I CAN SPIN AS FARST AS 80000 RESOLUTION PER MINUTE

43=>IN 1972 SINGER & NICHOLSON PURPOSED A NEW MODEL OF CELL MEMBREN KNOW AS FLUID MOSAIC MODEL OF CELL MEMBREN

44=>TWO TYPES OF LIPIDS HYDROPHOBIC (NON LIVING WATER) & HYDROPHELIC (LOVING WATER) TWO TYPES OF PROTEIN INNER-PROTEIN OUTER-PROTEIN

45=>COMPOSITION OF CELL WALL. PLANT CELL WALL IS MADE UP OF CELLULOSE OR CARBOHYDRATE & PECTIN / CHEMICAL.

46=>BACTERIAL CELL WALL IS MADE UP OF CARBOHYDRATE & PROTEIN

47=>FUNGAL CELL WALL IS MADE UP OF FUNGAL CELLULOSE & CHITTIN

48=>STRUCTURE OF CELL WALL CONSIST ON FIBORS ARRANGED IN THE COISS LROSS MANNER

49=>GREGOR JOHEN MENDLE IS FATHER OF GENETICS

50=>FUNCTIONS OF CELL WALL THREE TYPES OF LAYERS. CELL WALL 1) PRIMARY-WALL 2) SECONDARY-LAYER 3) MIDDLE-LAMELLA IS MADE OF HOERM CELLULOSE.

51=>CHROMOSOME=TI IS THREAT LIKE STRUCTURE IN THE NUCLEUS WHICH TRANSFER FROM PARENTS TO OFF SPRING

52=>LIQUID PORTION OF CYTOPLASM IS CALLED CYTOSOL

53=>ENDO/INSIDE. PLASMIC/CYTOPLASM. RECTICULUM/NETWORK. (E R)

54=>ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RECTICULUM. (R E R)

55=>SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RECTICULUM. (S E R)

56=>endoplasmic recticulum synthesis lipids & protein in cell

57=>mitochondria form energy ATP in the cell

58=>mitochondria is double laryered outer layer is smooth but inner layer is enfolding each folding called cristae contain a jelly like substance is called matrix in cantain a separate

Nucleus

                                Types of chromosomes

59=>metacentric=chromosomes with equal arms is called chromitids

60=>submetacentric=chromosomes with unequal arm

61=>acrocentric or subtelocentric: rod like shape

                Chromosomes & their one arms is very small other arms is very long

62=>telocentric=location of centromer at the end of chromosomes

63=>Golgi bodis in 1898 it discovered by gamello golgi

                They are filled with carbohydrates proteins & enzymes

64=>it forms several types of glycolipids glycoprotein & glycosidutions

                                                Function

65=>it is envolued in the formation acrosomes in sperm

64=>it release harmones & enzyme

65=>it form cell plates in the plant cell

66=>HIV=human immune virus/system

67=>AIDS=acquired immune defficency syndrom

68=>VIRUS=the word virus taken from latin word viron means poison